THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF ALOE VERA EXTRACT ON HAEMATOLOGY, HEPATOXICITY, AND NEPHROTOXICITY INDUCED BY COPPER IN LABEO ROHITA

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to find the therapeutic potential of Aloe vera extract on haematology, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by copper in Labeo rohita. Four treatments were made. T₀ served as the controlled treatment. Juveniles in the T₁ were exposed to 15 mg/L CuCl₂ while those in T₂ were exposed to 20 mg/L CuCl₂. Juveniles in the T₃ were exposed to 25 mg/L CuCl₂ for 21 days. After this period all groups of fish were supplemented with 20g/kg Aloe vera extract for one week. At the end of the trial, both haematological parameters and the histopathology of the liver and kidney were analyzed. The results showed a substantial decrease in RBCs, haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (HCT) values across all metal-treated groups T₁, T₂, and T₃ as compared to the control group. The control group T₀ (2.05±0.05) had the greatest RBC count after receiving 0 mg/L of copper chloride. The lowest RBC count was seen in group T₃ (0.63±0.175). The control group T₀ had the greatest haemoglobin level (2.99±0.027) while the lowest amount was found in group T₃ (0.70±0.53). T₃ group had the greatest white blood cells count (18.6±0.36) while the T₀ control group had the lowest (11.64±0.050). The control group T₀ had the highest platelet count (23.5±0.9) whereas group T₃ had the lowest (9.71±0.7). The haematological parameters examined included haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb), platelets, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Copper chloride-induced hepatotoxicity appeared as hepatocyte inflammation, necrosis, clumped chromatin and cytoplasmic vacuolization. For histopathological analysis kidney were stained and examined under a compound microscope to identify any structural changes or damage. Data collected from these analyses were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA to determine the significance of differences between the control and treated groups.