http://acgpublishing.com/index.php/CCB <h1>About Chelonian Research Foundation</h1> <p align="justify">Chelonian Research Foundation, established in 1992 in Lunenburg, Massachusetts, is a non-profit IRS-designated 501(c)(3) tax-exempt private operating foundation established for the purposes of producing and publishing scientific research on turtles and tortoises of the world, as well as supporting worldwide turtle and tortoise research through charitable distributions to associated independent scientific investigators or research organizations that produce specific research consistent with the stated objectives of the Foundation. The Foundation was established partly in response to the rapidly deteriorating natural environment and its deleterious effects on populations of turtles and tortoises of the world as well as the threatening effects of direct human exploitation on turtles and tortoises around the world, and partly in response to the global need for systematic scientific investigations and documentation of the diversity of these animals. The broad purpose of the Foundation is to become involved where the energies of concerned and talented individuals and the application of resources may reasonably be anticipated to provide a scientific basis to allow for potential improvement in conditions or increased understanding of turtles and tortoises.</p> <p align="justify"> </p> Chelonian Research Foundation en-US Chelonian Research Foundation 1071-8443 http://acgpublishing.com/index.php/CCB/article/view/949 <p>The expansion of Sudan’s oil sector coincides with rising Asian interest in the oil fields of Africa that is located in the extended supply zone of the present world oil regime. Asian powers have over the years acquired extensive knowledge and experience in domestic oil production; yet that failed to meet their constantly rising energy demands triggered by economic globalsiation. The increasing external dependence pushed these countries to enter into transnational oil ventures. The 9/11 terrorist attack has further propelled the oil-seeking countries to diversify their supply lines by drifting away from West Asia and getting closer to Africa. Asian quest for African equity oil has consequently concretised the Afro-Asian interdependence that has evolved in the post cold war economic world order in terms of trade and investment partnership. As an extension of such economic complemtarity, the current regime in Sudan has diversified the pattern of its transnational production linkage through consolidation of multiple Asian participations in its oil sector. The shift that Sudan’s foreign oil policy behavior has undergone is due to the withdrawal of major Western oil firms, which have initiated the exploration and production activity in its oil field. The underlying rationale for such approach, therefore, lies in the intents to ensure that Sudan’s oil production remains less dependent on the partnership with West, and at the same time to avoid a situation where any single Asian player does monopolise its oil sector. As a result, Asian orientation has become the hallmark of the transnational partnership that Sudan is currently forging for its oil production. This article looks at Sudan’s partnership with India in the broader perspective of Indian interest in African oil. Firstly it taken into account India Presence in Sudan Oil field. Then it explore India Interestent in African Oil field.. Then it examines Sino-Indian Engagement in Sudan’s Oil Sector</p> Dr. Sandipani Dash Copyright (c) 2025 Chelonian Research Foundation https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-02-01 2025-02-01 1 20 http://acgpublishing.com/index.php/CCB/article/view/951 <p>Acute ischemic stroke caused by tandem occlusion is characterized by a blockage or severe narrowing of the cervical internal carotid artery along with an embolic obstruction in a major intracranial vessel, such as the terminal carotid or proximal middle cerebral arteries. This condition accounts for 10–20% of all ischemic strokes. Without treatment, studies estimate that 40–69% of affected patients either suffer severe disability or do not survive. Tandem occlusion is associated with poor prognosis in acute stroke management due to its high mortality and morbidity rates, as well as its low response to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). However, endovascular treatment has demonstrated advantages in restoring blood flow in large vessel occlusions, preserving the cerebral penumbra, and improving clinical outcomes. Current treatment guidelines recommend an initial administration of intravenous thrombolytic therapy, followed by endovascular thrombectomy. Despite these recommendations, there is still no standardized endovascular approach specifically for managing this stroke subtype.</p> Ayman Gamea, Omar Osman, Mohamed Abdala Abbas, Ahmed elbassiouny Copyright (c) 2025 Chelonian Research Foundation https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-01 2025-03-01 21 31 http://acgpublishing.com/index.php/CCB/article/view/952 <p><strong>Background</strong>: Endoscopic spine surgery has emerged as an effective treatment option for cases of lumbar disc prolapse and lumbar canal stenosis, offering reduced postoperative pain and faster recovery.</p> <p><strong>Objectives</strong>: Highlight the different endoscopic spine surgery approaches and their indications and advantages.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We have searched literatures in PubMed, google scholar and science direct from 1994 to 2024.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Endoscopic spine surgery is safe and effective for treating lumbosacral radiculopathy due to lumbar disc prolapse and lumbar canal stenosis, offering significant pain relief and functional recovery.</p> Mohamad Abdelraouf Metwally Farrag, Radwan Nouby Mahmoud, Ali Hamdan, Omar Yousef Hammad Copyright (c) 2025 Chelonian Research Foundation https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-01 2025-03-01 32 37 http://acgpublishing.com/index.php/CCB/article/view/953 <p>Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is an abnormal curvature of the spine exceeding 10 degrees, diagnosed in adolescence and in which the etiology is unknown. The gold standard for describing scoliosis is the Cobb angle. Smaller thoracic and thoracolumbar curves can be managed conservatively with observation or bracing, but corrective surgery may be indicated for rapidly growing or larger curves. Patients can be managed very well with a combination of conservative and surgical options. Outcomes for these children are excellent with sustained longer-term results.</p> Radwan Nouby Mahmoud, Yasser Mahmuod El-Banna, Ashraf A. Abdellatif ,Eslam Elsayed Elkhatib Copyright (c) 2025 Chelonian Research Foundation https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-01 2025-03-01 38 49